Types of CCTV Cameras
The variety of CCTV cameras and products in the market has become a challenge for customers looking for surveillance systems. If you want to make an informed choice despite this issue, read this article. We aim to categorize cameras based on appearance, quality, lens, and more, making it easier to understand the differences between these cameras. Typically, sales representatives don’t have enough time to provide all this information when selling CCTV cameras. Therefore, we strongly recommend reading this article for a better understanding of the different types of CCTV cameras.
What this article covers:
- Classification of different types of CCTV cameras
- Types of cameras for various applications
- Videos introducing different types of CCTV cameras
- Price ranges for various CCTV cameras
- The latest technologies in CCTV cameras
Classification of Types of CCTV Cameras:
- Types of CCTV Cameras Based on Appearance
- Types of CCTV Cameras Based on Lens
- CCTV Cameras Based on Image Quality
- CCTV Cameras Based on Night Vision
- CCTV Cameras Based on Technology
- CCTV Cameras Based on Price
- CCTV Cameras Based on Brand
- CCTV Cameras Based on Features
- Types of CCTV Cameras Based on Appearance
The types of CCTV cameras based on appearance include:
- Dome Cameras: Known as indoor cameras, they have a dome shape.
- Bullet Cameras: Recognized as outdoor cameras, they have a bullet or cylindrical shape.
- Box Cameras: Also known as industrial cameras, they resemble a box.
- Speed Dome Cameras: Also referred to as rotating or PTZ cameras.
- Cube Cameras: Considered indoor cameras, they are often called desk cameras.
- Fisheye Cameras: These are 360-degree cameras and resemble a flying saucer.
- Pinhole Cameras: Known as hidden cameras, they are very small and can be concealed in various devices.
- Hidden Cameras: Cameras disguised in various forms (such as bulbs, buttons, or sockets), also known as spy cameras.
Each of these also has its own various types. By considering other classifications of CCTV cameras, you can familiarize yourself with the diversity within each of the types mentioned above.
Dome Camera: The name "Dome" is derived from the camera's dome-shaped structure. Because these cameras are typically installed on ceilings, they are sometimes referred to as ceiling cameras. Dome cameras are a suitable choice for indoor spaces such as stores, offices, home parking lots, public areas, hotels, hospitals, and more.
Bullet Camera: The bullet camera is named for its cylindrical shape, which resembles a bullet. Bullet cameras are among the most commonly used CCTV cameras in outdoor environments, and their bodies are often made of metal, making them resistant to harsh weather conditions. Sometimes, bullet cameras are also called "bullet" cameras. For pricing on various Hikvision bullet cameras, click here.
Box Camera: Box cameras are another type of CCTV camera that are primarily used for industrial purposes. They have a rectangular box-like appearance. The lens for these cameras is not pre-installed and must be purchased and installed separately. Interestingly, this type of camera was one of the best-selling CCTV cameras globally in 2022, according to the IP Video System Design Tool, which collects data based on customer activations worldwide.
Speed Dome Camera: Speed Dome cameras, also known as rotating, PTZ (Pan-Tilt-Zoom) cameras, are among the strongest CCTV options available. PTZ cameras can rotate 360 degrees horizontally and 180 degrees vertically. They can capture high-quality images of distant areas through zooming. The body of speed dome cameras is typically made of metal.
Cube Camera: Cube cameras are base-mounted cameras that can be installed on ceilings or walls. They usually come with built-in microphones and speakers, making two-way audio communication very common in this model.
Fisheye Camera: The fisheye camera is named for its appearance, which resembles a fish's eye. These cameras provide a viewing angle of 180 or 360 degrees, reducing the number of cameras needed. Fisheye cameras have a fixed lens and should be installed on the center of the ceiling at a minimum height of 3 meters to provide an overall view of the covered area.
Hidden and Pinhole Cameras: Another type of CCTV camera is the hidden camera. Due to their small size and ability to be concealed, they are commonly known as hidden cameras. Among them, some types are available on the market as miniature or pinhole cameras. Needle cameras also fall into this category.
Types of hidden CCTV cameras include:
- Light Bulb Camera
- Socket Camera
- Thumb-sized Hidden Camera
- Miniature Pinhole Camera
- Regular Miniature Camera
- Mirror Spy Camera
- Glasses with Camera
- Keychain Spy Camera
- Pen Spy Camera
- Detective Hidden Camera
2.Types of CCTV Cameras Based on Lens
The types of CCTV cameras based on lens can help you choose the best camera suitable for your needs. Another criterion for classifying CCTV cameras is the lens. The importance of the lens specification becomes clear when you understand the differences between types. Cameras are divided into two main categories based on their lenses:
- Fixed Lens
- Varifocal Lens
You will see this specification in the camera's datasheet and technical details, typically as a number followed by "mm" (millimeter) and the terms "Fixed" or "Varifocal."
Cameras with fixed lenses do not allow for field of view adjustments, and their focal length is constant. For example, a camera with a 2.8mm lens provides an approximate viewing angle of 90 degrees and cannot offer a viewing angle of 60 or 180 degrees. In contrast, varifocal lens cameras allow you to adjust the field of view according to your needs, as their focal length is adjustable. Some types of varifocal lenses are motorized, enabling automatic zoom and adjustment through a menu interface.
3.CCTV Cameras Based on Image Quality
Image quality is the first factor that many customers consider when selecting a camera. It is important to note that various factors influence the image quality of CCTV cameras, with resolution and clarity being among the most prominent. In the specifications of a CCTV camera, you will see the image resolution represented as a number alongside "MP" (megapixels). This number refers to the number of pixels that make up the image. The larger this number, the more pixels are present in the image, resulting in clearer details. The most common resolutions for CCTV cameras are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, and 12 megapixels. However, the best-selling resolutions are generally 1, 2, 4, and 8 megapixels.
The types of camera resolutions available in the market include:
- 1 Megapixel = (1280*720) HD
- 2 Megapixels = (1920*1080) Full HD
- 3 Megapixels = (2048*1536)
- 4 Megapixels = (2560*1440)
- 5 Megapixels = (2536*1920)
- 8 Megapixels = (3840*2160) 4K
4.CCTV Cameras Based on Night Vision
The types of CCTV cameras based on night vision are becoming increasingly fascinating and surprising. The capability of night vision has led to greater diversity in these products. One factor that can be used to classify CCTV cameras is this very capability. Generally, night vision in cameras can be categorized into two types:
- Black and White Night Vision
- Color Night Vision
Cameras equipped with black and white night vision may use IR (Infrared) or Exir technology. Both technologies utilize infrared light, but the image quality provided by Exir is significantly better than that of IR.
Color night vision allows cameras to capture images in low-light or nighttime conditions in color, similar to daytime. The presence of color in the image reveals more details of the scene. Therefore, this feature is very useful in sensitive applications where high detail in recorded images is required. Among the types of color night vision, options include ColorVu, Starlight, Warmlight, and Spotlight.
5.CCTV Cameras Based on Technology
The technology of CCTV cameras is one of the criteria used to classify these types of surveillance and security systems. The first aspect to consider when reviewing the specifications of a CCTV camera is its technology, followed by an analysis of other specifications. Currently, the CCTV cameras available in the market are offered in two technologies: HD Analog systems and Network (IP) systems. These two technologies differ not only in appearance but also in setup and installation.
HD Analog CCTV Cameras: The earliest CCTV cameras were designed and manufactured based on analog technology. These systems addressed the initial needs for surveillance but gradually faced new challenges, leading to the design and introduction of network systems. The high cost of these systems prompted manufacturers to innovate and launch HD analog CCTV cameras. Cameras with analog technology in the market are known by names such as Turbo HD, HDCVI, HDTVI, and AHD. These names are chosen based on their manufacturers, and all follow the HD analog system. Such cameras have gained significant popularity among CCTV users due to their affordability and suitable quality.
Network (IP) CCTV Cameras: Network CCTV cameras are also known as IP cameras. The image quality in network systems is significantly higher and better. Additionally, advanced image processing capabilities are widely available. These systems in newer generations are equipped with smart features, making them suitable for smart homes, buildings, and cities. Although they offer many attractive features, their high price has led customers to consider them only when necessary.
6.CCTV Cameras Based on Price
The prices of different types of CCTV cameras vary based on brand, type, features, and the technologies they are equipped with. Price is also a significant consideration for customers when purchasing a camera. You can categorize CCTV cameras based on price as well. Accordingly, we can identify three main groups:
- High-end Cameras: These are high-priced cameras with advanced features.
- Mid-range Cameras: These offer a balance between quality and price.
- Low-end and Miscellaneous Cameras: These are budget-friendly options.
We do not recommend purchasing from the third category. While you may initially pay a low price for these cameras, they can lead to significant additional costs during use, and you are unlikely to achieve satisfactory results from these products.
7.CCTV Cameras Based on Brand
There are various brands worldwide that produce security and surveillance cameras, and this landscape is continually evolving with new brands emerging from time to time. CCTV cameras can be classified according to their manufacturers. Some brands, such as Axis, Avigilon, Bosch, Samsung, and Sony, offer high-priced cameras that are also known for their quality. China, due to its successful economic activities, has also made a significant impact in this field. Brands like Hikvision, Dahua, Uniview, and Tiandy are prominent global players from China, recognized and used not only in Iran but around the world.
However, it’s important to note that some CCTV camera brands are counterfeit and lack credibility. These cameras are often referred to as NoName or OEM. The quality of these products is not verified, and no company provides after-sales service for them. Always prioritize well-known and reputable brands when making your selection.
8.CCTV Cameras Based on Features
Another way to classify CCTV cameras is based on their features. When reviewing the specifications of a CCTV camera, after examining the technical and main characteristics, we look at special features and technologies. For example, cameras can be divided into two major groups based on the ability to record audio: those with audio recording capabilities and those without.
Types of CCTV Cameras with Audio Recording:
- Hikvision DS-2CD2125G0-IMS: This camera features a resolution of 2 megapixels and audio recording capability.
- Hikvision DS-2CD2145FWD-I: This model offers a resolution of 4 megapixels along with audio recording capability.
- Hikvision DS-2CD2043G0-I: This camera has a resolution of 4 megapixels and comes with an internal microphone for audio recording.
- Hikvision DS-2CD2T43G0-I5: This model features a resolution of 4 megapixels and also supports audio recording.
- Hikvision DS-2CD2685G0-IZS: With a high image quality resolution of 8 megapixels, this camera includes an internal microphone for audio recording.
- Hikvision DS-2CD2085FWD-I: This camera offers 8 megapixels of high-resolution images and has audio recording capability.
- Hikvision DS-2CD2185FWD-IS: Another model with a resolution of 8 megapixels, this camera features an internal microphone for audio recording.
- Hikvision DS-2CD2T85G1-I8: This camera has an 8-megapixel resolution and night vision using IR technology, along with audio recording capability.
- Hikvision DS-2CD2185G0-IMS: This model features an 8-megapixel resolution and audio recording capability with an internal microphone.
Types of Memory Card CCTV Cameras
Support for memory cards is another category of CCTV cameras known as memory card cameras. These cameras have a port or slot on their body where an SD card can be inserted. Different cameras support various capacities for installing memory cards (SD cards). This feature can often be found in network (IP) cameras. The types of memory card-supported CCTV cameras include:
- Dome Memory Card Camera
- Bullet Memory Card Camera
- Cube Memory Card Camera
- Light Bulb Camera with Memory Card
- Fisheye Camera
- Hidden Cameras
- Desktop Cameras
- Small Rechargeable Cameras
To determine whether your CCTV camera supports this feature, you can check the camera body for a memory card slot, which is usually marked with an SD label, either as text or an icon. You can also review the camera's technical specifications on the product website or datasheet. Look for terms like "Built-in microSD" or "micro SD," where the maximum capacity that the camera supports for memory will also be specified.
Types of Wireless CCTV Cameras
Wireless CCTV cameras operate wirelessly due to their support for Wi-Fi and wireless methods. However, being wireless does not mean the complete elimination of cables from the CCTV system. These cameras use wireless methods, such as Wi-Fi, only for transmitting images. They still require a power source, which usually means they need a cable unless powered by batteries. In that case, yes, the CCTV camera can operate without any cables. Types of wireless CCTV cameras include:
- Desktop Cameras
- Wireless Bullet Cameras
- Wireless Dome Cameras
- Speed Dome Cameras
- Rotating Cameras
- Light Bulb Cameras
- Cube Cameras
Other Types of CCTV Cameras Based on Features
CCTV cameras can be categorized based on various features, including anti-glare cameras, battery-powered cameras, SIM card-enabled cameras, and more. There are many capabilities in CCTV cameras that create new classifications for selecting the right camera. Key features for easier selection of CCTV cameras were mentioned above. You can also consider additional features based on your specific usage and needs when choosing a camera.
The anti-glare feature allows CCTV cameras to be installed in locations with challenging lighting conditions. Technologies such as WDR (Wide Dynamic Range), HLC (Highlight Compensation), and BLC (Backlight Compensation) help maintain and improve image quality, especially in situations where high light intensity or uneven lighting can result in dark or blurry images. Intelligent features like facial recognition, license plate reading, anti-tampering, and intrusion detection can define different types of CCTV cameras for various scenarios.
Latest Technologies in CCTV Cameras
Various technologies are employed in the design and manufacture of different types of CCTV cameras. Face recognition, people counting, and intrusion detection are among the widely used technologies in CCTV production. These technologies are generally defined to meet needs and improve efficiency in surveillance systems. The installation of CCTV cameras in parking lots for monitoring vehicle entry and exit is one application of intelligent CCTV systems. Effective and accurate identification of vehicles allows for the management of entry and exit of registered vehicles, as well as parking fee collection, all facilitated by this equipment. License plate recognition cameras are a type of CCTV used in traffic control and smart parking solutions.
Environmental Protection Through CCTV Cameras:
Environmental protection has always been a key component of security in various locations. Hikvision, as a manufacturer, provides highly reliable environmental solutions for a range of scenarios, whether “small,” “medium,” or “large,” over different time periods. Key features of these solutions include real-time alerts and auditory and visual warnings in CCTV cameras to deter intruders before they can enter buildings or sensitive areas. With AI capabilities to differentiate between people and vehicles versus other moving objects like animals or falling leaves, security teams can focus their efforts on real security threats and respond to incidents much more quickly.
Flow Control Using CCTV Cameras:
The ability to accurately count the number of visitors and customers can be a significant advantage for businesses, improving services, safety, and even sales. Hikvision employs dual CCTV cameras with stereo 3D vision and deep learning algorithms to provide visual notifications and timely alarms when the number of individuals in a specified area reaches a predetermined threshold. Hikvision's flow control solutions enable users to respond effectively, for example, by increasing staffing during peak times or taking other actions to enhance service efficiency and quality. Users also gain clear visibility of the number of individuals entering and exiting a location to improve security and safety.